Which entity may investigate the use of force, but cannot arrest unless there is probable cause of unlawful use?

The law enforcement agency is responsible for investigating the use of force incidents, as they have the authority, training, and resources to conduct thorough investigations into such matters. When a law enforcement agency is involved in an investigation, they evaluate the circumstances surrounding the use of force, gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and analyzing the situation to determine if the use of force was justified under the law.

However, it's essential to note that a law enforcement agency cannot proceed with an arrest unless there is probable cause to believe that unlawful use of force has occurred. Probable cause is a legal standard that requires sufficient evidence to justify the belief that a crime may have been committed. This ensures that individuals are not arrested without justified reason, maintaining legal and ethical standards in enforcement practices. This careful approach helps protect the rights of all individuals involved and upholds the rule of law.

The other entities listed lack the legal authority to perform investigations or arrests with the same enforcement power as law enforcement agencies. A security company may have its internal protocols, but they do not possess the authority to perform criminal investigations or make arrests. A facility security committee might address security concerns and policies but would not conduct investigations into use of force incidents in the legal sense. A shift commander may oversee operations within a specific